Recently, I attained an email for a woman who suspected which she had intercourse the day after ovulation. What occurred was the her husband had kept on away on business and she was using an ovulation predictor while he was gone. On his last day away, she got a certain taking a look at on the predictor, that means which she had simply ovulated. Obviously, they could not try to conceive on this day, since her husband was in another state. However, when he returned the next day (which would be one day after ovulation) they had intercourse and attempted to conceive. The wife wanted to know if this attempt was too late or if you really can get pregnant after ovulation occurs. Conception After Ovulation

I will address this specific situation in the following article. Conception One Day After Ovulation: Is This Possible?: It’s extremely possible. In fact, it’s a very favorable time frame. Here’s why. Your egg can possibly live for longer than one day, as can your partner’s sperm chromosomes. People sometimes think that you have only one day in which you can get pregnant, but this just isn’t so. Specifically, the egg is said to be viable for anywhere from 12 – 72 hours, depending on the person that we are talking about.

The sperm has an even longer and more generous life span, where 72 hours is the norm rather than the exception. Since she had gotten the “positive” reading on the afternoon (around 4:00), I would say that she was most definitely within safe ranges on the morning of the next day (around 10:00 am.) So, if she did not get pregnant, it would likely not be because her timing was wrong.

It would be due to the many other factors that affect whether you become pregnant or not. But in this case, the timing was fine. Why Conceiving Following Ovulation Is More Like To Give You A Boy Baby: Just for fun, I explained to her that the time frame that she had used was more likely to produce a boy or male baby (if she had been successful.) This is because as more time goes on, the boy producing sperm, or the Y’s, die off and become less plentiful.

So, if she had been able to have intercourse before ovulation (if her husband had actually been in the same state) then probably much more females would have been present for the scramble and / or the mad dash to the egg. This would give the girl producing sperm the distinct advantage as they would have likely been represented in far greater numbers and volume. (Picture a football chart with X’s and Y’s with MANY more X’s. Which is more likely to catch the pass?) This does not mean that the boys can’t get through or intercept that pass, even with only small numbers present, but it does greatly increase the odds. Conception After Ovulation

But guess what? She and her husband wanted to parent a daughter this time around. I told her that there was really nothing that she could do to change the course of events that had already happened. The time frame that she was working within now was definitely more favorable to boys – at least at this time. So, she really had to wait to see if she had become pregnant and, if she had not, she needed to start over. Of course that did not mean that she had to go with the same game plan the next time.

I told her that the next month, she should maybe consider trying a saliva (or spit – rather than a urine) ovulation predictor as this could show near positives that would help her to get the timing right. She could then have intercourse in the time frame that favored girl babies more (which was as much as seventy two hours before that true plus or positive.) I told her that she should also turn her attention to her PH reading and to try to raise it.

An acidic environment, or a low PH, very much favors producing daughters because it is harsh enough to discourage the quickly disappearing boy sperm. So to recap some specific strategies, for these parents to be, I would advise shooting for the period before ovulation rather than much later. In this instance, it could not be helped. But, next time, perhaps it could.

I would also start immediately determining where she was PH wise. If she was already very acidic, she would only need to maintain this. But, if she trended even slightly alkaline, then she should change or tweak her diet to exclude low PH foods and to stack alkaline ones. Start raising a family! Get Pregnant Today by getting Conception After Ovulation ebook now!

BY PROF GH.MD.WANI

(This is part of the book under print authored by me,I wish a peer review by the readers before publishing it to incorporate any suggestions or corrections.No part is allowed to be translated or reprinted without permission of the author)

EMAIL fastwani@in.com or ghulamwani1949@gmail.com      

Primodial or primery follicle.

Ovaries have dual functions EXOCRINE ,and ENDOCRINE.Under exocrine functions they  release  oocyte and as endocrine function they  release ovarian hormones,. Activity of oogenesis begin around 7th month of embryonic life of a female, when millions of primodial follicles have shaped themselves in the cotex of the developing foetal ovary. This number of primodial follicles progressively diminishes upto menopause. This is the reason of low fertility in women married at older ages. Every primodial follicle consist of an oocyte surrounded by a flat stromal cell or somatic cell called granulosa cell. The primodial follicle contains a primitive oocyte, now called as oocyte I, (Guerin, 2009). The granulose cells are covered by a basal membrane  known as membrane of  Slavjan Ski. The diameter of oocyte I is around 30 µm. The primodial follicle changes to primary follicle.The primodil follicle cocsists of a flat layer of germinal cells.When these flat cells change tocuboidal shape the follicle is named as SECONDARY FOLLICLE..It still contains OOCYTE I inside.It has a double layer of germinal cells cuboidal in shapeThe size of OOCYTE I within it measure around 40 µm.

Granulosa  cell growth.and angiogenesis.

            The number of granulose cell increase and are around 5000 in number. The oocyte grows too and its diameter measure over 60 µ. The follicle is still categorized as secondary follicle and its size may increase with oocyte reaching a diameter of 180 µm inside it. Thus primary to secondary follicle transit involves 6 fold growth in the diameter of the oocyte. During last stages of secondary follicles isolated islands or space differentiate within multiplying gransulosa cell layers which differentiate epitheloid cells from stroma fibroblasts. The blood capillary ramification or what is named ovarian haemodynamic development and described as angiogenic changes in ovarian development of sheep (Wani, 2009, Khatun & Wani, 2007, Khatoon et al. 2006, Goswani et al. 2008).

Pre-antral Follicle

            The epitheloid cells surrounded by encapsulating angiogenic masses give rise to what is known as theca interna or inner layer of the follicle. This secondary follicle in which theca interna is visible is called Pre-antral follicle. The formation of cavity is pecular recognition of the pre-antral follicle.

The Tertiary follicle or Antral follicles

            The follicle grows and granulosa cells now differentiate into theca externa and theca interna with a central antrum . The follicle is named as tertiary follicle. The rapid growth and differentiation of follicular (granulosa) cells continues and cells become innumerable around 50 million. The tertiary follicle grows in diameter and reaches a size of about 20 mm or 2 cms.

Pre-Ovulatory Follicle

      The size of the preovulatory follicle is around 20 mm or 2 cms. Any tertiary follicle assuming or attaining this growth is denoted as pre-ovulatory follicle. The differentiation of granulosa cell as theca interna now culminates into another type of cells called theca externa. The oocyte within a particular mass of granulosa cell now invaginates into follicular cavity. The electron microscopy of these theca cells denoted as cumulus oophurus(theca interna derived cell) has shown that it consists of; clusters of epitheloid cells

         The theca externa layer consists of collagen fibers penetrated by numerous blood capillaries. These angiogenic ovarian changes are vivid and transparent. The usual fibroblasts of early follicles change to myofibroblasts at this stage

PRE-OVULATORY FOLLICLE

  Preovulaty follicle contains human oocyte still plucked at the diakinesis stage  in women.Withthe cytoplasmic growth of the oocyte corresponding   follicle also grows,. At this stage oocyte, measure 120 µm in diameter. Oocyte too undergoes some changes at preovulatory stage. The cytoplasm and nucleus continue to grow. Cortical granules migrate to the periphery. It is these granules which blast like radio active nuclear materials and form a firm protective cover around the “fertilized ovum” known as cortical reactions. This reaction is displayed and commonly known as Zona reaction or vitellane blokcs. They prevent polyspermy at fertilization. These cortical granules are radio-opaque substances which expand like a nuclear mushromm and shadows the wall of the oocyte at fertilization. These cortical granules from cytoplasm of the preovulaty follicle.shift and merge  with plasma membranes.

Oocyte development & activation

            While these changes are occurring the nuclear material of oocyte I at blocked level too resumes activity but soon its activity is arrested and Block II comes into force. This block effectuates at 2nd metaphase division (Metaphase II). Thus there is now established evidences that oocyte of its own resumes nuclear activity which progresses from Propase I to Metaphase II well within the ovarian life. Is it possible to explore the circumstances, modulators and precursors of this change.? More investigation on this topic are needed. This would possibly explain the growth. and maturation of follicle of its own as it happens in PARTHENOGENESIS or even after Menopause it would be possible to incite such changes.. Once the mechanism triggering this change from Propase to Metaphase is signaled out, we may explain the process of the birth of Messiah “Haroon” or “Issac” from unmarried and aged parents as refessed to in Holly Quran for the first.time in literature in 579 AD. This self starting change within the oocyte to overcome its nuclear development block can be hypothesis for a broad  new concept  on foliculogenesis, which would fulfill the wishes of infertile and aged couple and give them a new hope for their loved procreation even after death. The post death revival of live in slaughtered sheep has been achieved. (Wani, 1995, Wani, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 1996). During ovulation, propelled by the activity of myofibroblasts in the theca cells, the oocyte I is virtually changed to oocyte II with the above mentioned changes. The released “ovum” in women is thus oocyte II surrounded by cumulus cells. The stage at which oocyte are released in mammals have been reported (Wani 1996). The figure is show among figures of this chapter, alongwith our own results of oocyte maturation and fertilization after death. The oocyte were recovered, grown and matured invitro within 12-20 hrs of slaughtering the animals. Fertilizing the recovered with semen obtained from the slaughtered Rams epidylimus . This innovative research opens a new era of post death revival of life and also explains the otherwise truths regarded as “Myths” quote ‘Holy Quran .

Primodial Germ Cell Pool

            Premodial follicle  remain in dormancy since its formation during foetal life upto Menopause i.e. around 15 years. Out of the primodial follicular pool or commonly referred to germ cell pool by many authors including me in our previous books and thesis (Wani, 1984, 1984 b, 1996, 2006, 2008, 2009). Only a few grow still fewer mature and futher only one matures and ovulates at each cycle. At puberty their number in humans is known to have decreased to 2 million from original fetal ovarian  pool of 5 million at birth. .  I must emphasize all these number statistics is postulations or calculations on statistical assumption. Only “God’ known the true number. However, reviewing the available knowledge on this date of April 27th 2009, when I am writing this chapter all literatory and investigative figures indicate 5 million at birth and around 2 million at puberty. Thus another significant loss of the germ cell pool occurs between birth and puberty. I precisely wish our future reproductive research scholars to investigate:

Whether this  loss between birth and puberty is similar in fertile and infertile women. There are possibly two explanation which could be unveiled in future. If  the answer to the question is yes. It means fertile women have less loss of primodial follicles in their physiological development  from childhood to adulthood or menopause.. This would means more number of follicle available for ovulation or perhaps a ratio exists within developmental process to have a fixed number of pool to recruit and classify future ovulating follicles. The negative answer will take us to wander world of Endocrindogy where morphological evidences alone could  not prove the point, but yes one would analyse the degree of success in assisted fertility cases. How and when this would be known is perhaps beyond my vision. Atleast in my life I do not foresce a revolution of this kind as very few follicular biologists are active on earth. Perhaps prioritizing of foetal-maternal interactions by WHO / UNDEP/ USAD/ CAR. Such other world research organisation may help. Alternatively, a research donation by an infertile couple (who understand  the desperation of millions suffering from infertility) may help us to unveil the hidden potential .

       As on today the mechanism of folliculogenesis is so inefficient that out of a pool of 7 million prospective eggs (Primodial follicles) hardly 4000 follicles reach preovulatory stage. A new know ledge pool is available on folliculogenesis. Many confusing terms have been  reported we may try to present here simple definition of these terms used by us and many authors.We will try to answer few commenly asked questions on this topic.

Is recruitment of follicle destined to ovulate genetically guided?

Let us then discuss the initial recruitment first:

Initial Recruitment

            This is the process when primodial follicles arrests at birth regain their capacity to grow. Local growth promoting factors have been found to be responsible for this wakeup call. Research review believes inhibitory process is responsible for the primodial follicular sleep. This deep sleep can be or is known to be broken by stimulatory factors. These inhibitory and stimulatory factors have been researched.

            Every primary follicles contains oocytes in an arrested stage of development.The stage at which an oocyte is entranced in adep sleep differs.It is species specific and even differs within breed and individuals of same breed.. Here at this stage the oocyte genome is activated. This activation has been reported as Transcription of genes. This is what needs further elucidation. What is that nature of this transcribed gene. During this phase of the foliculogenesis a significant development has been searched out. This is what we call paracrine signaling pathway. These paracrine signaling pathways reported recently denote pathways which are responsible for communicating signals from follicle or granulosa cells to the inside trapped oocyte. The growth of  oocyte and follicle is concomitant and proportionately comparable. The cumulus oophorus as is it known is the communication channel for the oocyte.Any change or activity is guided by  it and id thus a maternal control mechanisms.During in-vitro fertilization experiements  it is now a

routine to co-culture oocytes with cumulus cell.

Follicular  Endocrine Recieptivity : Follicle  attains hormone (FSH=Follicle Stimulating Hormone) recieptivity  when  follicular wall is  few layer thick.. It is found that FSH receptor develop in these follicular cell which make primary follicles responsive to FSH. Thus, we could say that two, recieptivity  waves formulate the destiny of the primary follicle. 

 First is Exocrine: Recieptivity in which a communication mechanism with “oocyte” is established. An communication system between primary follicle cells and oocyte inside.

Second is Endocrine: recieptivity which establishes receptors within primary follicular cells for FSH. (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone). Now it is established that all follicle do not respond to FSH; it is only primary follicle who respond to it. We may not wonder if Endocrinologits in future rename FSH as PFSH(Primary Follicle Stimulating Hormone).

Primary Follicle Stimulating Hormone(PFSH): During this transition of primary follicle to secondary follicle, oocyte covering  membrane accumulates cortical granules on a glycoprotein polymer. Thus capsule encircling oocyte comes to be recognized as future Zona-pellucida. This is virtually first separation (physically or morphological) of oocyte from the follicular wall. Is it that this morphological change prelude new offspring formation..

Paracrine Signalling Pathway (PSP) are the later mechanisms which initiates the change. Future research may show, whether paracrine signaling initiate endocrine response or vise-versa. Similarly the nature of endocrine response towards cortical granule movement and subsequent formation of Zona-pellucida is the singular function of exocrine or endocrine signals or a combination of both. Thus future research in this era should involve a biologist (embryologist) biochemist (biotechnologist) and endocrinologist if all hidden secrets, this tiny mass of 01. mm diameter hides. The primary follicles are still single layered cells, but the nature of these cells have changed from flat to cubiodal form. Here it is important to point out. That the old concept of endocrine response to FSH by multilayer follicle is somewhat reformed. The changes for hormonal response to FSH initiate even when primary follicles are single layered but cubiodal cells. The exact mechanism of this control is to be further investigated. If some one comes out with a {follicular switch” enhancing response of the follicles to FSH, we may succeed in recovering the otherwise 3 million pool at birth and 2 million loss at puberty. A new biotechnology of follicles is in offering for future folliculogenetists.

Secondary Follicle

            The two layered granulosa call cover around an oocyte makes a follicle to be upgraded and named as secondary follicle. A secondary follicle is what we can conviently denote as multilayered follicle. It is known that the established exocrine signaling pathway is a two-way-process communicating signals from oocyte to granulosa cells and vise-versa. Here during secondary follicle stage, oocyte secreted signals are responsible for initiating changes in the follicular wall and differentiation of follicle out coat called Lamina Propia or Basal Lamina. They undergo cytological changes and differentiate into Theca Externa and Theca Interna. Both these layers or thecas are interconnected by blood capillaries. During its development a primary follicle is recognized as one with Zona-pellucida thick (9 layer) granulosa cells. Theca Interna, Theca Externa a capillary net.

Tertiary Follicle

            It is synomen as Graffian follicle. Graffian follicle name is given on the name of the scientist who first saw a Graffian follicle and expressed as if a ghost has eluded him. For more details refer (Wani, 1996)